How Does a Mixing Valve Work?

What is a Mixing Valve?

A mixing valve is a device inside your washing machine that combines hot and cold water to achieve the desired temperature for each cycle. It acts as a regulator, ensuring your washer gets water that matches your selected settings, whether it's hot, warm, or cold.

The mixing valve is typically located near the water inlet at the back of the machine, where the hot and cold water hoses connect. It’s a blend of mechanical and electrical components that make the whole process seamless.

How Does a Mixing Valve Work?

The mixing valve operates in three main stages:

1. Signal from the Washer Control Panel

When you set your washer to a specific water temperature setting, such as "cold wash" or "warm rinse," the control panel sends an electrical signal to the mixing valve. This signal tells the valve which combination of hot and cold water to release.

2. Opening and Closing Solenoids

The mixing valve contains solenoid valves for hot and cold water. These solenoids act as gates, opening or closing based the hot and cold water valves based on the signal received.

Here are some examples of how a simple mixing valve without a temperature sensor works:

• If you select a cold wash, only the cold-water solenoid will open.
• For a warm wash, both hot and cold solenoids open partially to mix water to the correct temperature.
• In a hot wash, only the hot-water solenoid activates.

3. Temperature Control

In many washers, a built-in temperature sensor or thermostat monitors the water temperature as it flows out of the valve and into the drum.

If the temperature is off, the thermostat sends feedback to the mixing valve to adjust the hot/cold water ratio.

Here are some examples of how a temperature-sensing mixing valve works:

• For the cold water setting, the mixing valve on some washers will open the hot water valve to increase water temperature if water entering the tub is too cold to dissolve detergent (typically <60-degrees).
• For the hot water setting, the mixing valve will add cold water so the “hot” water temperature is only 95-degrees to save energy.
• The mixing valve will continuously adjust the hot and cold solenoids to achieve the targeted warm water temperature.

Why is the Mixing Valve Important?

Here are reasons why washers use mixing valves.

Energy Efficiency

By controlling water temperature accurately, the mixing valve helps conserve energy. For example, modern machines avoid over-reliance on hot water, reducing energy consumption while still effectively cleaning clothes.

Fabric Protection

Different fabrics require different water temperatures to avoid damage. A mixing valve ensures that your delicates aren’t subjected to scalding water and that your heavily soiled items get the warm water needed for deep cleaning.

Improved Detergent Performance

Water temperature affects how well detergents dissolve and activate. A mixing valve ensures detergents perform optimally, giving you cleaner clothes with every wash.

Common Issues with Mixing Valves

While mixing valves are durable, they can encounter problems over time:

• Clogging: Hard water or debris can clog the solenoids, restricting water flow.
• Electrical Failure: Faulty wiring or worn-out solenoids can prevent the valve from functioning. Schedule washer repair service when water isn’t entering the washing machine properly.
• Leaking: If the valve seals degrade, it can cause water leaks, leading to inefficient operation or damage to the washer. Set up a washer repair) appointment when you see water leaking from the valves.

If you notice irregular water temperatures, delayed fills, or leaks, the mixing valve might need cleaning or replacement.

For those confident in completing DIY appliance repairs, you can follow the instructions in this helpful YouTube video that shows how to safely replace the mixing valve in a common washing machine:

Maintaining Your Mixing Valve

To ensure your mixing valve stays in top shape:

• Check Your Water Inlet Screens: Check for mineral buildup or debris in the screens where the hoses connect. When you see excessive debris or deposits in this area, schedule appliance repair service to have a technician replace the inlet water valve assembly. Attempting to clean clogged inlet screens on the washer can allow debris to get past the screens and get stuck in a water valve seat. This will prevent the water valve from shutting fully. In this situation, water would fill the washer constantly and cause a flood in your laundry room and home if the leak goes undetected.
• Inspect the Hoses: Ensure the hot and cold water hoses are in good condition and tightly secured. Even if they look okay, it’s a good idea to replace the washer fill hoses every other year to prevent leaks and a flood in your laundry room.
• Address Hard Water Issues: Use a water softener if your home has hard water, as it can cause scale buildup in the valve.
• Schedule Professional Washer Maintenance: Yearly washer maintenance by a Sears Home Services technician can extend the lifespan of the mixing valve and keep your washer running efficiently.

Here’s a video that shows a Sears Home Services technician discussing the importance of professional washer maintenance:

The mixing valve may be a hidden component in your washing machine, but it plays a pivotal role in ensuring every cycle is effective and fabric-friendly. By understanding how this ingenious device works, you can appreciate the engineering behind your washer—and troubleshoot issues more effectively if they arise.

If you notice any washer problems, don’t hesitate to schedule service. We’ll send a Sears Home Services technician to your home to fix the problem.