How Does a Fabric Softener Dispenser Work?

Fabric Softener Dispensers in Top-Load Washers

Top-load washers typically have a fabric softener dispenser at the top of the agitator, in a dispenser drawer or in a tray on the top tub ring.

Dispenser at the Top of the Agitator

In many traditional top-load washers, the fabric softener dispenser is located at the top of the central agitator. Here's how it works:

• Filling the Dispenser: Add fabric softener to the dispenser cup at the top of the agitator.
• Dispensing During the Rinse Cycle: When the wash portion of the cycle ends, the washer drains out the dirty wash water and briefly spins water out of the clothes. During this spinning action, centrifugal force forces fabric softener up and over the internal lip of the fabric softener cup at the top of the agitator. The fabric softener drips down and out of the bottom of the agitator where it mixes with rinse cycle fill water. After filling with rinse water, the washer agitates the clothes so the fabric softener gets mixed with well with the rinse water and penetrates the clothes.

Dispenser Drawer or Tray in a Top-Load Washer

Washers that use impellers and some top-load washers with agitators have a tray or drawer at the top of the tub for dispensing fabric softener. This system also dispenses the fabric softener during the rinse portion of the cycle.

For HE (High Efficiency) washers that use less water, the fabric softener tray will be much smaller than the cup at the top of the agitator for a traditional deep-fill top-load washer because you’ll need to add less softener due to lower water levels used in the HE washer.

• Loading the Drawer or Tray: Pour the softener into the designated compartment, often labeled for fabric softener. Most dispensers have a max-fill line.
• Automated Dispensing: During the fill portion of the rinse cycle, the washer automatically releases the fabric softener into the drum via water flow, distributing the softener into the rinse water. The impeller or agitator thoroughly mixes the fabric softener with the rinse water in the tub and dispersing the softener into the clothes.

Fabric Softener Dispensers in Front-Load Washers

Front-load washers have a different design, requiring a horizontal drum and no central agitator. This design means the dispenser system is built into a pull-out drawer or tray near the top of the machine.

How the Fabric Softener Dispenser Works in a Front-Load Washer

• Filling the Dispenser: Add fabric softener to the designated compartment container, usually labeled with a symbol or writing. Many front-load washers require that you dilute fabric softener half and half with water. Dilution prevents clogging and ensures smooth flow through the dispenser and into the washer tub.
• Siphoning: During the fill portion of the rinse cycle, the control diverts fill water to the fabric softener dispenser compartment. The water fills the fabric softener compartment and water mixes with the softener then flows through a stand pipe in the middle of the fabric softener compartment into the bottom of the dispenser drawer housing. The mixture of water and fabric softener then flows from the bottom of the dispenser drawer housing into the washer tub.
• Mixing: The fabric softener mixes with the rinse water as the spin basket tumbles clothes and is evenly distributed over your clothes.

Why You Should Dilute Fabric Softener in a Front-Load Washer

Front-load washers use less water than top-load models, which means that you need less softener in a front-load washer than a top load washer.

Also, diluting fabric softener with water thins out thick fabric softener so it flows easily down the standpipe in the dispenser, through the bottom of the dispenser drawer housing and into the washer tub.

Fabric softener will remain thick and sticky if not diluted. This may lead to:

• Clogged Dispenser: Thick softener can block the dispenser's standpipe opening, requiring frequent cleaning.
• Residue on Clothes: Undiluted fabric softener may not mix completely when dispensing and mixing with water as the washer tumbles in the rinse cycle, leaving stains or streaks.
• Reduced Washer Efficiency: Sticky fabric softener residue can build up in the washer tub and spin basket over time, affecting its performance.

To prevent these issues, always dilute the softener with an equal amount of water before adding it to the dispenser.

Pro Tips for Using Fabric Softener Dispensers

Follow these expert tips to keep your fabric softener dispenser working efficiently:

• Clean Regularly: Remove and rinse the dispenser periodically to prevent buildup of soap and softener residue.
• Use the Correct Amount of Fabric Softener: Avoid overfilling the dispenser to prevent leaks and ensure even distribution.
• Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Always follow your washer’s instructions for the fabric softener to achieve the best washing results.
• Choose the Right Softener: Use fabric softeners compatible with your washer type (HE softeners for high-efficiency machines).

Cleaning and Maintaining the Fabric Softener Dispenser

Here are some expert tips for cleaning the fabric softener dispensers in top-load and front-load washers.

Top-Load Washer Fabric Softener Dispensers

To clean the dispenser cup at the top of the agitator of a top-load washer, pull the dispenser off the top of the agitator and rinse it thoroughly with water to remove softener residue.

About once a year, you may also need to pull off the agitator to clean softener residue from the inside of the agitator auger. To pull the agitator off, follow the procedure show in this repair video that shows how to replace the agitator dogs in a common type of top-load washer:

Clean the agitator thoroughly with water to remove fabric softener residue.

While you have the agitator apart, you can check the condition of the agitator dogs and replace them if necessary so that the agitator properly moves the clothes during the cycle to disperse detergent and fabric softener during the cycle.

If you have a washer with a dispenser drawer or tray in the top tub ring of the washer, pull out the fabric softener dispenser drawer or tray and clean it thoroughly with water to remove fabric softener residue. Follow the instructions in your owner’s manual to clean these parts. If the dispenser has a standpipe, clean the stand pipe using a pipe cleaner and water to remove softener residue so the fabric softener will flow properly into the washer tub during the dispensing process.

Cleaning the Dispenser Drawer in a Front-Load Washing Machine

Follow these steps to clean the dispenser drawer and housing in a front-load washer:

1. Pull the dispenser drawer out of its housing until it stops. Press the drawer release tab and remove the dispenser drawer completely.
2. Remove all of the inserts from the dispenser (fabric softener, bleach and detergent inserts).
3. Clean the dispenser inserts, stand pipes and drawer with warm water.
4. Wipe residue out of the dispenser drawer housing using a wash cloth moistened with warm water.

Here’s an illustration that shows how to clean the dispenser drawer in a common front-load washer:

Schedule Annual Professional Washer Maintenance

Having your washer professionally maintained by a technician will ensure that your fabric softener dispenser and your entire washing machine works properly and efficiently.

Washer maintenance and cleaning service from Sears Home Services includes:

• Inspect and clean the fabric softener dispenser.
• Inspect water fill hoses.
• Check the washer tub and internal hoses for wear and leaks.
• Test the washer drain system.
• Check water fill level and water temperature.
• Check the suspension system and spin cycle operation.
• Run a cleaning cycle.
• Check and clean the door boot gasket on a front-load washer.
• Examine the door and test the door lock on a front-load washing machine.
• Clear the drain pump filter.
• Examine and test the drive system.
• Check electronic control operation or control timer performance and wiring.
• Examine the lid switch and lock assembly on a top-load washing machine.
• Check the agitator on a top-load washer.

Professional washer maintenance will help the dispenser and the entire washer work smoothly to clean and soften your clothes. Additionally, professional maintenance will help increase the machine’s longevity.

Understanding how fabric softener dispensers work can help you use them more effectively and maintain your washing machine properly. Whether your washer has a dispenser on the agitator, a drawer, or a tray, following the tips above ensures your clothes come out soft, fresh, and perfectly rinsed every time.